The effects of concentration on reaction rates Essay Example for Free

The impacts of focus on response rates Essay I could back this end up by completing two things. Right off the bat, I could utilize my normal time chart (diagram 1) to work out what time any focus would take to finish its response. This is particularly a direct result of the way that every one of my outcomes I tried followed a pattern. What I can do is to look where any fixation level is in accordance with the line of best fit, and afterward I could take this point on the line of best fit and hope to see where that point lines up with the time taken. A model is on the following page: Here you can see that the point showed as the crossing point is the place the fixation levels and time taken pivot meet on the line of best fit. This is actually how I could demonstrate my decision right, by taking any focus, and afterward test the fixation similarly as in my technique to check whether the time taken follows this example. On the off chance that it does, at that point I could without much of a stretch demonstrate my decision to be right. Assessment: The occasions would have been probably not going to be the equivalent, especially under the states of the way that we made some exacting memories breaking point of two exercises, including getting the hardware out and clearing it up once more. By and large, this was an extremely close cutoff time to meet, and I in the end acknowledged I expected to attempt to run my first and second tests at the same time in the subsequent exercise, as I was almost out of time. This surge could without much of a stretch have influenced my conclusive outcomes in a few different ways, all in view of the surge I was in to get every one of my outcomes. The magnesium skimming in the HCl may have been an issue as well. I dont figure it would have influenced the outcomes much, but since it was gliding, not the entirety of the magnesium was in the corrosive simultaneously all through the response, and consequently this may have implied the response accepting longer as it couldnt respond with the entirety of the magnesium straight away. I could have over this by jabbing the Mg down, however that may have influenced the outcomes also. If I somehow happened to utilize a substance that would respond with the HCl in any capacity (regardless of whether it is unnoticeable to the unaided eye), at that point the response rates would have likely eased back down, in light of the fact that a portion of the HCl would have responded with the other substance, leaving less of it to respond with the Mg. The other (increasingly self-evident) point is that I would have thought that it was difficult to jab three bits of Mg in various test tubes down on the double. The other way which I could have unraveled this, is make the thickness of the Mg bigger, with the goal that the Mg would sink normally to the base of the test tube. This could have been done either by re-trying the tests with more magnesium (a more extended strip), or by utilizing less HCl. I would have done this, however the tight time limit implied that I couldnt re-try all the tests that I have just done in time, before understanding this. Another way my outcomes could have been influenced is that on the grounds that the 0. 1 perusing set aside a long effort to finish, implying that I might not have seen that the response had completed straight away. I dont think this occurred, however, so Im not very stressed over this. At long last, and this happened in my second test which could in reality clarify my ringed flawed outcome, I concede, time showed signs of improvement of me thus I didnt wash out my apportioning chamber in the wake of estimating every grouping of corrosive. I may have estimated littler focuses first and these fixations could have blended in with the one I was utilizing then to not give the mole that I said I was utilizing for this test. To get over this issue, I could either have washed out the chamber before estimating every focus, or even by imparting chambers to others, of which every chamber would just be utilized for one fixation. By and large, regardless of these issues, I dont figure I will have taken a stab at the test, on the grounds that the outcomes were comparative the multiple times and they followed a pattern on my two diagrams. 1 Show see just The above review is unformatted text This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behavior segment. Download this paper Print Save Heres what an educator thought of this exposition 3 star(s).

Chilean Mine Collasps

Chilean Mine Collapse BCOM/275 Chilean Mine Collapse In Chile, on August 5, 2010, a breakdown inside a primary access passage of a mine caught 33 diggers inside (Parry and Retther, 2010). The excavators were caught at a profundity of in any event 700 meters (Weik, 2010). There were 32 Chileans men and one Bolivian man caught in the old gold and coppers mine (Parry and Retther, 2010). The diggers assessed that they would not be safeguarded for four months. The excavators needed to get crisis food and supplies through a drag opening. Around 2 p. m. , Raul Villegas had quite recently wrapped up the truck with rocks when he heard an uproarious break (Yang 2013).Being in any event 700 meters beneath the surface with dust filling the natural hollow didn't influence Villegas on the grounds that the hints of falling rocks and the disappointment of the earth was something that Villegas was accustomed to hearing. Villegas continued to carry out his responsibility as he passed a kindred digger Frank Lobos, in which he was strolling down the mine to get a few men for lunch (Yang, 2013). As Villegas continued nearer to the surface, overcast grime surpassed the truck walling him in earth and unhappiness. As he saw the surface there was a gigantic breakdown (Yang, 2013). After the breakdown, Villegas surged from the mine onto the surface.After this occurrence happened Villegas announced it to the manager, however it took hours after the fact before he would inform specialists (Yang, 2013). After being caught in a mine the 33 specialists were mysterious in light of the fact that there were a lot of the diggers attempting to get by shaving ceaselessly at the stones. A century prior diggers that were caught were viewed as an act of futility. On the off chance that the mine was collapsed, at that point the diggers would pound crosses into the ground. As a result of this hypothesis excavators in the zone began setting wooden crosses outside the passage. For the sparing group, leav ing the 33 diggers to expire in that pit-opening was not a chance (Yang, 2013).Villegas and other excavator laborers was sent down the mine however subsequent to getting 400 meters, they understood that the slope that was once there is currently gone. Around 700,000 tons of rocks and in excess of multiple times that heft of the strong solid that mutilated in the mine, which cut off inclines and pulverized the mines air course shaft. They later found that a stepladder was lost from that ventilation shaft that could have allowed the diggers to opportunity. A few hours after the breakdown The Atacama region’s six-man exceptional errands emergency power was called to the mine which they entered around 9 p. . (Yang, 2013). On a Saturday, two months after a stone fallen and fixed the Mina San Jose, a salvage opening was vied for the excavators. Once every half hour, a man moved into an enclosure almost a half-mile underground and made an outing upward. They observed the excavators on record for any indication of frenzy and they were supported by breathing devices, glasses to shield their eyes from light and sweaters for the atmosphere from warmth to chill air (Yang, 2013). Contemplations to recollect given the various jobs and individuals are significant, considering the individuals that were influenced by this incident.Both the business and the family were influenced by this mishap in light of the fact that the organization previously settled a terrible notoriety from the ongoing passings that happened. The relatives were influenced in light of the fact that they didn't have the foggiest idea whether there affection ones would make it out alive or not. All together for the organization to remain in business there job was to recuse these men as fast as could reasonably be expected, while the family job was to keep confidence (Yang, 2013). The potential needs of the relative would comprise of compassion and assurance.When the family gets the message that their affection ones are caught in a mine they need affirmation that they will make every effort to spare them. The potential needs of the company’s workers while getting the message is the confirmation that there would be another activity for them to help their families, likewise the affirmation that they will spare their kindred excavators (Yang, 2013). Taking everything into account, the activity that the author would take when the message is conveyed is to allow the circumstance so there would be no curve balls. The essayist would likewise seek after the best and let the data absorb before reacting.The Chilean Miners are exceptionally tough men and they never lost their confidence. They needed to eat less, drink less and stress less so as to endure. Presently these men has praised birthday celebrations and made an incredible most without thinking back. References Parry, W. , and Retther, R. (2010, August). Realities about the Amazing Survival Story. Recovered from http://www. livescience. com Weik, J. (2010, August 6). More than 30 laborers caught after Chilean copper mine breakdown. More than 30 specialists caught after Chilean copper mine breakdown, 4(224), 1-2. Yang, J. (2013, March). From breakdown to safeguard: Inside the Chile Mine catastrophe. Recovered from http://www. thestrar. com

Parallel Arrays free essay sample

A variety of structures are normally comparable to resemble varieties of the parts. For instance, if every understudy record comprises of an ID number and a GPA esteem, at that point a rundown of understudies can be spoken to as a variety of structure: similar information can be put away as two exhibits that corresponding to one another, as in a similar file in them demonstrate information for a similar understudy: Usually the main way is progressively normal and advantageous. Points of interest and impediments Against Arrays Compared to exhibits, connected information structures permit greater adaptability in arranging the information and in assigning space for it. With exhibits, we should pick a size for our cluster for the last time; this can be a potential misuse of memory. A connected Data structure is assembled progressively and never should be greater than the software engineer requires. It additionally requires no speculating as far as how much space you should designate when utilizing a connected information structure. We will compose a custom article test on Equal Arrays or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is a component that is Key in sparing squandered memory. The hubs of a connected information structure can likewise be moved exclusively to various areas without influencing the legitimate associations between them, in contrast to clusters. With due consideration, a procedure can add or erase hubs to one piece of an information structure even while different procedures are taking a shot at different parts. Then again, access to a specific hub in a connected information structure requires following a chain of references that put away in it. In the event that the structure has n hubs, and every hub contains all things considered b joins, there will be a few hubs that can't be reached in under log b n steps. For some structures, a few hubs may require most pessimistic scenario up to n - 1 stages. Conversely, many exhibit information structures permit access to any component with a consistent number of tasks, free of the quantity of sections. General Disadvantages Linked information structures additionally may likewise bring about in generous memory assignment overhead (if hubs are allotted exclusively) and disappoint memory paging nd processor storing calculations (since they by and large have poor territory of reference). At times, connected information structures may likewise utilize more memory (for the connection fields) than contending exhibit structures. This is on the grounds that connected information structures are not bordering. Occasions of information can be discovered all over in memory, in contrast to cluste rs. In some hypothetical models of calculation that authorize the imperatives of connected structures, for example, the pointer machine, numerous issues require a bigger number of steps than in the unconstrained irregular access machine model.

Australian Company Law Working in Shiba Pty Ltd - 2200 Words

Australian Company Law: Working in Shiba Pty Ltd (Case Study Sample) Content: AUSTRALIAN COMPANY LAWNameCourseDate of Submission(Word Count- 2223)Question 1(a)IssueA major issue presented in this case is the breach of duty of care that an employer has over their employees. After working in Shiba Pty Ltds factory for 10 years, Gigi was diagnosed with kidney disease; not only was the condition rare, but the doctor attributed it to her being exposed to harmful substances used in the manufacture of the nitrogen-based chemical. As it stands, Shiba Ltd is wholly owned by Chow Ltd, and hence the issue of whether the former is a subsidiary of the latter arises.RuleAccording to the Corporations Act 2001, Section 46, a subsidiary is a body corporate in which another body owns more than half of its shares, controls its board composition, and/or can influence more than 50% of votes to be cast during its general meeting. In this case, Shiba Pty Ltd can be identified as a subsidiary of Chow Ltd, as the latter owns 100% of its shares and thus has control over matters pertaining to board composition. Under Australian law, a subsidiary, even when wholly owned, is a separate legal entity; hence, directors of such a body corporate are subject to regulatory and statutory duties prescribed by law (Eroglu 2008, 260). Furtherance, such directors should dispense their duties prudently and not consider their positions as nominal ones. A parent companys liability over actions undertaken by its subsidiary only arise when it can be established that the former appoints executives for the latter and exercises a form of control over the execution of these individuals duties (Latimer 2012). Currently, Shiba Ltd only owns assets worth $10,000, which is less than the sought damages of $3.5 million. However, Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd[1964] established that a court can compel a firm to dispense such an obligation even if it means piercing the corporate veil to make the directors accountable as was the case in Macaura v Nor thern Assurance Co Ltd [1925].ApplicationBased on the above legal considerations, Gigis legal claim for compensation can only be brought against Shiba Ltd and not Chow Ltd. However, Shiba Ltd only owns $10,000 worth of assets and thus is not in a position to pay the $3.5 million compensation by the employee. To ascertain that she gets awarded the claim, Gigi should first establish that Shiba Ltd had prior information on the risk of chemicals it exposed workers to, but did not share this with its employees.ConclusionAs her employer, Shiba Ltd has a duty of care towards Gigi, and proving prior knowledge could make it culpable of both criminal offenses and tortious breach.(b)IssueShiba Ltd and Chow Ltd have the same directors, which establish the need to pierce the corporate veil to have the parent companys directors made liable for its breach of contract.RuleAs previously highlighted, a parent company bears liability from a subsidiarys actions if it exercises a form of control on it. Jones v Lipman [1962] established that the corporate veil could be pierced where the court establishes that a company was formed as a faade to avoid liabilities. Furtherance, Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horne [1933] stipulates that a firm and its shareholders will be treated as one when it is established that such an entity was formed as fraudulent front to divert liability.ApplicationIn this case, Chow Ltd owns all the shares in Shiba Ltd, a form of control that is strengthened by its directors being the same as those of the subsidiary. The registration of Shiba Ltd to protect the parent company from risks associated with dealing with the chemical product highlights that the directors were aware of the danger they exposed their employees. Consequently, a piercing of the corporate veil may be pursued to institute criminal charges against these persons for their negligence and unethical business conduct, which will lead to loss of lives.ConclusionChow Ltd is liable for the exposing Gigi t o hazardous chemicals without her knowledge, which resulted in her contracting a rare kidney disease. The $3.5 million claim should be made against this entity, as it is the one operating behind the cover of Shiba Ltd.Question 2(a)IssueThe contract issue in Down Under Pty Ltd is on the legality of the agreement made by Xander and Cordelia, which pertains to the law of agency. Whether Cordelia was within her agency parameters to enter into a contract for the firm will determine the validity of this agreement. Additionally, Collie Pty Ltd can raise the issue of whether this contract was void or voidable; the latter would mean that both companies can resolve the conflict without rescinding the agreement. The stipulations of the Down Under Ltds laws indicate that the directors should be involved when signing a contract.RuleContract law in Australia requires that the parties involved have the legal capacity to initiate the contract. A firms by-laws and the 2001 Corporations Act govern th e capacity companies have in initiating contracts. Before making a contract with another party, the regulations of the company and the constitution governing it are taken into consideration. All the essential elements of making the contract must be applied to render the agreement valid. Additionally, a contracts validity is dependent on an organizations by-laws and any legal structures established within it.Based on the facts of the case and the assessment of the Corporations Act of 2001, the validity of such an agreement can be determined. Sections 126 and 127 evaluate the execution of a contract concerning the signing of such agreements with the organization. Section 127 of the Act indicates that the use of the common seal in cases where there is more than one director in the company is required. The Australian Law states that it is a requirement that at least two directors or one with the company secretary should sign the contract to bind the business. The use of more than one di rector or the involvement of the company secretary is a critical aspect of contract formulation, without which an agreement is voidable.Under section 126 of the Act, provision of the power of business to make a contract should be exercised based on the implied authority given by the management. In addition, the aspect of implied authority should be given and the partners consulted before an individual makes a contract on behalf of the company (Latimer 2012, 363). The agent should be given the power to sign the contract, which should be from the management in the business. Under the legislation set by Down Under Pty, the board of directors must approve all contracts of over $50,000. In addition to the laws established by the company and those of Down Under Pty, the legislation of Collie Pty should also be considered when signing the contract. The level of involvement of directors in both firms is a critical aspect of determining whether Down Under Pty is bound to the contract.Applica tionThe assessment of the Down Under Pty company legislation and the 2001 Corporations Act, the law states that the directors of the company are required to make a contract binding with another business. The companys constitution has indicated that the board needs to be consulted regarding contracts that exceeded $50,000, which Xander and Faith did not pursue. In addition, the 2001 Act states that the directors need to be made aware of the operations concerning contracts and, at least, one, with the knowledge of the others, should be notified. Faith abused her power as the purchasing officer and deposited $10,000 towards the contract. Based on the laws set in the company and those of sections 126 and 127 of the 2001 Act, Faith and Xander entered a contract for the company without legal capacity. The directors of the company need to be aware of the operations being taken, and Collie Pty Ltd should be informed that the two are not directors, thus any decision they make is subject to c onsultation with the board before approval.The assessment of the stipulations in the 2001 Corporations Act and those of the business, Down Under Pty, highlight that the latter is not bound by the contract as the directors were not made aware of it. Furthermore, Collie Pty Ltd made the contract based on the knowledge that they were operating with the company directors. The consent that was given by the directors was to attend the book launch on behalf of the individuals (Gibson and Fraser 2013, 323). The authority that Xander was offered did not involve making business decisions with the individuals involved.ConclusionDown Under Pty are not bound by the contract as it was made under the false directorship of Faith and Xander, which qualifies as fraud by the two individuals. The question as to whether the company would be bound to the contract if Xander had made the deal is still invalid as the directors were not notified regarding the contract made. The lack of compliance with the co nstitution and the law shows that Down Under Pty is not bound by the contract made.(b)i.IssueDown Under Ltd is proprietary company and that means directors can vote out one of themselves by a simple majority. Nonetheless, Cordelias termination raises the issue of whether prior notice is required before such an action is taken. In addition, the need for a justifiable reason for removing a director is another pertinent issue that will help resolve this case.RuleUnder section 203C of the Corporation Act of 2001, directors of a proprietary company such as, Down Under Pty Ltd can pass a resolution to ...

Rhetorical Analysis of E B. Whites The Ring of Time

One way to develop our own essay-writing skills is to examine how professional writers achieve a range of different effects in their essays. Such a study is called a rhetorical analysis--or, to use Richard Lanhams more fanciful term, a lemon squeezer. The sample rhetorical analysis that follows takes a look at an essay by E. B. White titled The Ring of Time--found in our Essay Sampler: Models of Good Writing (Part 4) and accompanied by a reading quiz. But first a word of caution. Dont be put off by the numerous grammatical and rhetorical terms in this analysis: some (such as adjective clause and appositive, metaphor and simile) may already be familiar to you; others can be deduced from the context; all are defined in our Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms. That said, if you have already read The Ring of Time, you should be able to skip over the stranger looking terms and still follow the key points raised in this rhetorical analysis. After reading this sample analysis, try applying some of the strategies in a study of your own. See our Tool Kit for Rhetorical Analysis and Discussion Questions for Rhetorical Analysis: Ten Topics for Review. The Rider and the Writer in "The Ring of Time": A Rhetorical Analysis In The Ring of Time, an essay set in the gloomy winter quarters of a circus, E. B. White appears not yet to have learned the first piece of advice he was to impart a few years later in The Elements of Style: Write in a way that draws the readers attention to the sense and substance of the writing, rather than to the mood and temper of the author. . . .[T]o achieve style, begin by affecting none--that is, place yourself in the background. (70) Far from keeping to the background in his essay, White steps into the ring to signal his intentions, reveal his emotions, and confess his artistic failure. Indeed, the sense and substance of The Ring of Time are inextricable from the authors mood and temper (or ethos). Thus, the essay may be read as a study of the styles of two performers: a young circus rider and her self-conscious recording secretary. In Whites opening paragraph, a mood-setting prelude, the two main characters stay hidden in the wings: the practice ring is occupied by the young riders foil, a middle-aged woman in a conical straw hat; the narrator (submerged in the plural pronoun we) assumes the languorous attitude of the crowd. The attentive stylist, however, is already performing, evoking a hypnotic charm that invite[s] boredom. In the abrupt opening sentence, active verbs and verbals carry an evenly measured report: After the lions had returned to their cages, creeping angrily through the chutes, a little bunch of us drifted away and into an open doorway nearby, where we stood for awhile in semidarkness, watching a big brown circus horse go harumphing around the practice ring. The metonymic harumphing is delightfully onomatopoetic, suggesting not only the sound of the horse but also the vague dissatisfaction felt by the onlookers. Indeed, the charm of this sentence resides primarily in its subtle sound effects: the alliterative cages, creeping and big brown; the assonant through the chutes; and the homoioteleuton of away . . . doorway. In Whites prose, such sound patterns appear frequently but unobtrusively, muted as they are by a  diction that is commonly informal, at times colloquial (a little bunch of us and, later, we kibitzers). Informal diction also serves to disguise the formality of the syntactic patterns favored by White, represented in this opening sentence by the balanced arrangement of the subordinate clause and present participial phrase on either side of the main clause. The use of informal (though precise and melodious) diction embraced by an evenly measured syntax gives Whites prose both the conversational ease of the running style and the controlled emphasis of the periodic.  It is no accident, therefore, that his first sentence begins with a time marker (after) and ends with the central metaphor of the essay--ring. In between, we learn that the spectators are standing in semidarkness, thus anticipating the bedazzlement of a circus rider to follow and the illuminating metaphor in the essays final line. White adopts a more paratactic style in the remainder of the opening paragraph, thus both reflecting and blending the dullness of the repetitious routine and the languor felt by the onlookers. The quasi-technical description in the fourth sentence, with its pair of prepositionally embedded adjective clauses (by which . . .; of which . . .) and its Latinate diction (career, radius, circumference, accommodate, maximum), is notable for its efficiency rather than its spirit. Three sentences later, in a yawning tricolon, the speaker draws together his unfelt observations, maintaining his role as spokesman for a dollar-conscious crowd of thrill-seekers. But at this point, the reader may begin to suspect the irony underlying the narrators identification with the crowd. Lurking behind the mask of we is an I: one who has elected not to describe those entertaining lions in any detail, one who, in fact, does want more . . . for a dollar. Immediately, then, in the opening sentence of the second paragraph, the narrator forsakes the role of group spokesman (Behind  me  I heard someone say . . . ) as a low voice responds to the  rhetorical question  at the end of the first paragraph. Thus, the two main characters of the essay appear simultaneously: the independent voice of the narrator emerging from the crowd; the girl emerging from the darkness (in a dramatic  appositive  in the next sentence) and--with quick distinction--emerging likewise from the company of her peers (any of two or three dozen showgirls). Vigorous verbs dramatize the girls arrival: she squeezed, spoke, stepped, gave, and swung. Replacing the dry and efficient  adjective clauses  of the first paragraph are far more active  adverb clauses,  absolutes, and  participial phrases. The girl is adorned with sensuous  epithets  (cleverly proportioned, deeply browned by the sun, dusty, eager, and almost naked) and greeted with the musi c of  alliteration  and  assonance  (her dirty little feet fighting, new note, quick distinction). The paragraph concludes, once again, with the image of the circling horse; now, however, the young girl has taken the place of her mother, and the independent narrator has replaced the  voice  of the crowd. Finally, the chanting that ends the paragraph prepares us for the enchantment soon to follow. But in the next  paragraph, the girls ride is momentarily interrupted as the writer steps forward to introduce his own performance--to serve as his own ringmaster. He begins by defining his role as a mere recording secretary, but soon, through the  antanaclasis  of . . . a circus rider. As a writing  man ...  ., he parallels his task with that of the circus performer. Like her, he belongs to a select society; but, again like her, this particular performance is distinctive (it is not easy to communicate anything of this nature). In a  paradoxical  tetracolon climax  midway through the paragraph, the writer describes both his own world and that of the circus performer: Out of its wild disorder comes order; from its rank smell rises the good aroma of courage and daring; out of its preliminary shabbiness comes the final splendor. And buried in the familiar boasts of its advance agents lies the modesty of most of its people. Such observations echo Whites remarks in the preface to  A Subtreasury of American Humor: Here, then, is the very nub of the conflict: the careful form of art, and the careless shape of life itself (Essays  245). Continuing in the third paragraph, by way of earnestly repeated phrases (at its best . . . at its best) and structures (always bigger . . . always greater), the narrator arrives at his charge: to catch the circus unawares to experience its full impact and share its gaudy dream. And yet, the magic and enchantment of the riders actions cannot be captured by the writer; instead, they must be created through the medium of language. Thus, having called attention to his responsibilities as an essayist, White invites the reader to observe and judge his own performance as well as that of the circus girl he has set out to describe.  Style--of the rider, of the writer--has become the subject of the essay. The bond between the two performers is reinforced by the  parallel structures  in the opening sentence of the fourth paragraph: The ten-minute ride the girl took achieved--as far as I was concerned, who wasnt looking for it, and quite unbeknownst to her, who wasnt even striving for it--the thing that is sought by performers everywhere. Then, relying heavily on  participial phrases  and  absolutes  to convey the action, White proceeds in the rest of the paragraph to describe the girls performance. With an amateurs eye (a few knee-stands--or whatever they are called), he focuses more on the girls quickness and confidence and grace than on her athletic prowess. After all, [h]er brief tour, like an essayists, perhaps, included only elementary postures and tricks. What White appears to admire most, in fact, is the efficient way she repairs her broken strap while continuing on course. Such delight in the  eloquent  response to a mishap is a familiar note in Whites work, as in the young boys cheerful report of the trains great--big--BUMP! in The World of Tomorrow (One Mans Meat  63). The clownish significance of the girls mid-routine repair appears to correspond to Whites view of the essayist, whose escape from discipline is only a partial escape: the essay, although a relaxed form, imposes its own disciplin es, raises its own problems (Essays  viii). And the spirit of the paragraph itself, like that of the circus, is jocund, yet charming, with its balanced phrases and clauses, its now-familiar sound effects, and its casual extension of the light  metaphor--improving a shining ten minutes. The fifth paragraph is marked by a shift in  tone--more serious now--and a corresponding elevation of style. It opens with  epexegesis: The richness of the scene was in its plainness, its natural condition . . .. (Such a  paradoxical  observation is reminiscent of Whites comment in  The Elements: to achieve style, begin by affecting none [70]. And the sentence continues with a euphonious itemization: of  horse, of  ring, of girl, even to the girls bare feet that gripped the bare back of her proud and ridiculous  mount. Then, with growing intensity,  correlative  clauses are augmented with  diacope  and  tricolon: The enchantment grew not out of anything that happened or was performed but out of something that seemed to go round and around and around with the girl, attending her, a steady gleam in the shape of a circle--a ring of ambition, of happiness, of youth. Extending this  asyndetic  pattern, White builds the paragraph to a  climax  through  isocolon  and  chiasmus  as he looks to the future: In a week or two, all would be changed, all (or almost all) lost: the girl would wear makeup, the horse would wear gold, the ring would be painted, the bark would be clean for the feet of the horse, the girls feet would be clean for the slippers that shed wear. And finally, perhaps recalling his responsibility to preserve unexpected items of . . . enchantment, he cries out (ecphonesis  and  epizeuxis): All, all would be lost. In admiring the balance achieved by the rider (the positive pleasures of equilibrium under difficulties), the narrator is himself unbalanced by a painful vision of mutability. Briefly, at the opening of the sixth paragraph, he attempts a reunion with the crowd (As I watched with the others . . . ), but finds there neither comfort nor escape. He then makes an effort to redirect his vision, adopting the perspective of the young rider: Everything in the hideous old building seemed to take the shape of a circle, conforming to the course of the horse. The  parechesis  here is not just musical ornamentation (as he observes in  The Elements, Style has no such separate entity) but a sort of aural metaphor--the conforming sounds articulating his vision. Likewise, the  polysyndeton  of the next sentence creates the circle he describes: [Tlhen time itself began running in circles, and so the beginning was where the end was, and the two were the same, and one thing ran into the next and time went round and around and got nowhere. Whites sense of times circularity and his illusory identification with the girl are as intense and complete as the sensation of timelessness and the imagined transposition of father and son that he dramatizes in  Once More to the Lake.  Here, however, the experience is momentary, less whimsical, more fearful from the start. Though he has shared the girls perspective, in a dizzying instant almost become her, he still maintains a sharp  image  of her aging and changing. In particular, he imagines her in the center of the ring, on foot, wearing a conical hat--thus echoing his descriptions in the first paragraph of the middle-aged woman (whom he presumes is the girls mother), caught in the treadmill of an afternoon. In this fashion, therefore, the essay itself becomes circular, with images recalled and moods recreated. With mixed tenderness and envy, White defines the girls illusion: [S]he believes she can go once  round  the ring, make one complete circuit, and at the end be exactly the same age as at the start. The  commoratio  in this sentence and the  asyndeton  in the next contribute to the gentle, almost reverential tone as the writer passes from protest to acceptance. Emotionally and rhetorically, he has mended a broken strap in mid-performance. The paragraph concludes on a whimsical note, as time is  personified  and the writer rejoins the crowd: And then I slipped back into my trance, and time was circular again--time, pausing quietly with the rest of us, so as not to disturb the balance of a performer--of a rider, of a writer. Softly the essay seems to be gliding to a close. Short,  simple sentences  mark the girls departure: her disappearance through the door apparently signaling the end of this enchantment. In the final paragraph, the writer--admitting that he has failed in his effort to describe what is indescribable--concludes his own performance. He apologizes, adopts a  mock-heroic  stance, and compares himself to an acrobat, who also must occasionally try a stunt that is too much for him. But he is not quite finished. In the long penultimate sentence, heightened by  anaphora  and  tricolon  and pairings, echoing with circus images and alight with metaphors, he makes a last gallant effort to describe the indescribable: Under the bright lights of the finished show, a performer need only reflect the electric candle power that is directed upon him; but in the dark and dirty old training rings and in the makeshift cages, whatever light is generated, whatever excitement, whatever beauty, must come from original sources--from internal fires of professional hunger and delight, from the exuberance and gravity of youth. Likewise, as White has demonstrated throughout his essay, it is the romantic duty of the writer to find inspiration within so that he may create and not just copy. And what he creates must exist in the style of his performance as well as in the materials of his act. Writers do not merely reflect and interpret life, White once observed in an interview; they inform and shape life (Plimpton and Crowther 79). In other words (those of the final line of The Ring of Time), It is the difference between planetary light and the combustion of stars. (R. F. Nordquist, 1999) Sources Plimpton, George A., and Frank H. Crowther. The Art of the Essay: E. B. White.  The Paris Review. 48 (Fall 1969): 65-88.Strunk, William, and E. B. White.  The Elements of Style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1979.White, E[lwyn] B[rooks]. The Ring of Time. 1956. Rpt.  The Essays of E. B. White. New York: Harper, 1979.

Profit Maximization Through Innovation Technologies

Background Agricultural industry is one of the most important industries of Uzbekistan. Agriculture sector employs 28% of Uzbekistan s labor force and generates 24% of its GDP (Uzreport, 2006). Therefore further development of agricultural industry in Uzbekistan is crucial for Uzbek nation. According to UNDP within the next 20 years, the world will gain another 1.4 billion people. Representing a 25-percent increase in global population, most of these people will live in the expanding urban centers of developing countries and will add greatly to the world’s demand for food. Demand for food products will increase. Meeting these increased food demands will be opportunity for the world’s agricultural producers as well as for Uzbek†¦show more content†¦Innovation in agriculture and sub-industries can be a key driver of poverty reduction in poor rural economies (OECD,2010).The impact on the environment could also be major while using water efficient technologies watering mor e efficiently and less wastefully. This includes drip irrigation systems, desalination, recycling, or drought-resistant plants. Such technologies already have been applied in USA and EU countries which enable farmers to improve profitability by using less fertilizer and pesticides, with little or no fall in yields, through the adoption of new methods.(Gurria, 2010.) Another highlighted issue in literature is greenhouse emissions caused by natural gas burning. Natural gas is mostly used energy type in greenhouse industry . Greenhouse gas emissions included approximately 465,000 metric tons of CO2, 9 metric tons of CH4 and 7 metric tons of N2O in 2006 worldwide (BD, 2010). Negative impact of natural gas to environment also another need to develop new energy saving technologies and secure new renewable energy sources that can substitute for fossil fuels are very urgent. According to Choi (2008) energy recovery from wastes is being internationally recognized as a reliable method to re duce greenhouse gases which have negative influence to climate. Research question and objectives Research question: What kinds of innovation technologies are practiced in greenhouse production in worldwide and does an implementing innovationShow MoreRelatedIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. 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Responses towards Federalist -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How would Rousseau and Burke respond to Madison's arguments in Federalist #10 about the causes and cures for Political faction? Answer: Madison in his essay, Federalist #10, argues about the ways that may be used to eliminate the negative effects of the faction. According to Madison, faction refers to a number of citizens who may form either a majority or a minority of the total population (Madison 1787). This section of the population may have a certain common interest or passion that is contrary to the interests of the other citizens or to the aggregate interests of the whole community. This common interest is observed to have united them against the total population of the state. According to Madison, the most serious sources of the faction is the diversity in the opinion regarding the political life which in turn leads to the dispute over the issues that deal with the preference of one religion or regime over the others. Madison further argues that the idea of faction may hamper the republic in a varied number of ways. The injustice, instability and the confusion introduced by the factions may increase the condit ions that may lead to the perishing of the republics. Rousseau contradicts with Madison on this issue. According to Rousseau, the will of a faction is not the expression of the individual will of the residents of the state but the expression of the private interests of a group of individuals. Thus, the laws or the policies that are enacted on such a will are termed to be illegitimate. The Swiss political thinker argues that the general will results from the number of smaller differences over the public good unlike the differences in the wills of the faction that may be larger. According to Madison, the factions, though at odds with each other, work in unison against the interest of the public and lay infringements upon the rights of the other fellow citizens. The rival factions bring about political instability that concern both the opponents and the supporters of the concerned plan. It is mostly seen that the government is blamed by the general public after being disillusioned by the politicians. The factions are dependent heavily on the difference among the citizens based on the wealth and property that they own. It is basic human nature to fraternize with those who have similarity among themselves in the fields of the property and wealth. The most common source for the origin of the factions is the inequality in the distribution of the property among the residents of the country. Madison had, in the essay, referred to the rise of a dreaded faction in the country. The majority faction in this case would include those classes of the society that which do not own the properties while the minority factions would consist of the wealthiest owners of property in the country. The majority faction may gain control over the government and thereby gain the position to implement various measures that would bring about the redistribution of the wealth in the country. These measures may bring about the redistribution in a number of ways that may benefit the majority faction at the cost of the minority faction. Rousseau opines that the division of the labor and the invention of the property represent the advent of the moral inequality. According to the Swiss political thinker, the possession of a certain amount of property sets the path of exploitation and the domination of the poor by the rich members of the society. The initial relationship that exists between the rich an d the poor is observed to be very unstable and dangerous and may even lead to the situations of a violence like that of a war. The poor, according to Rousseau is tricked into the creation of a political society in order to avoid a warlike situation (Rousseau 2010). Madison had argued that the damages caused by the factions might be controlled by two different ways. The removal of the causes that led to the emergence of the faction or the control of the effects that resulted from the factions. Madison then goes on to describe the ways that may be used to aid the removal of the faction. The first method that may be used to remove the factions is by taking steps to the destruction of the liberty. Liberty serves to encourage the formation of factions among the citizens. This measure is impossible to execute as liberty forms one of the basic components that is related to the political lives of the citizens of the concerned country. The second way out that was suggested by Madison was the creation of a society that is homogeneous in nature from the point of interests and opinions. This measure is practically impossible to implement in the practical field. The diversity in the ability of the people is the primary reason behind the success of the conce rned person. The government should protect the right of inequality in the ownership of property. Rousseau agrees to the fact stated by Madison that the society should ideally be homogeneous in nature in order to avoid the creation of a majority faction amongst the citizens. According to Madison, the stratification on the economic grounds stops the members of the society from having a similar opinion. Thus, Madison concludes that the only way to limit the damages caused by the factions is by controlling the effects that the faction has on the government. Madison further argues that there are two ways to keep the majority factions in control. The prevention of the existence of a similar interest or passion among the majority of the population at a certain period of time. The other way to keep the majority faction in check is to leave the considered faction in a state of inactivity. He opines that a democracy that is small in size may not be able to avoid the problems that arise because the undesirable passions have the chances to spread at a faster rate when the total size of the population is small. Thus, the majority faction may exercise its will on the government if the total population is small enough. According to Madison, the nature of human beings has the latent reasons for faction. He, therefore, opines that the only remedy to this issue is exercising control over the effects of the inherent nature of the human beings. Madison himself argues that the remedy cannot be applied in a democracy but can be implemented in a republic. The democracy, according to Madison, is a system in which all the citizens of the state have the rights to vote for the laws of the land in a direct manner. He describes the republic as a society wherein the citizens elect an elite group of representatives who in turn vote and decide on the laws of the land. Rousseau contradicts Madison on the definition of the republic. He describes a republic as any state that is governed by a certain legislature. The governance by a certain legislature makes governance of the public interest possible and thus helps in the existence of the commonwealth. Madison believes that the voice of the people that is put forward by the representative body is more helpful to the welfare of the community as a whole. He cites that the decisions made by the common people residing in the society may be influenced by their own self-interests. Thus, the decision made by the direct voting of the citizens may not look into the welfare of the community as a whole. Madison justifies that the candidates elected may have a chance of creating a disillusion in the minds of the voters in a republic with a lower number of residents while they may find it difficult to do the same in a republic with a larger population. The Swiss diplomat, Rousseau, states that the republics with a smaller population may find the majorities more frequently than those with a larger population. Thus, this would facilitate the lawmakers to work together towards the achievement of the goals set by the ideas of the majority faction. In a larger republic, however, the rulers and the lawmakers may find it difficult to work together on the issues that are raised by the majority faction in the country. They might find it difficult to work together even with a majority due to the larger number of the members of the country that is spread out over a larger expanse of land. According to Madison, a republic differs from the democracy in the fact that the governance of the republic is taken care of by the delegates of the state. Thus, a republic may function over a larger area than a democracy. The fact that each member of the representative body is chosen from a large constituency lowers the effectiveness of the corruptions common in the field of electioneering. In the republic government, the members of the government have the opportunity to filter as well as refine the demands that are placed by the resident members of the state. This helps in the prevention of the frivolous claims that hamper the governments that are purely democratic. The creation of a political society fixes the conditions of domination that existed in the society while the poor live with the belief that a political society is created in order to look into the fact that the security and freedom of the poor is secure in the hands of the government. This form of government may lead to the condition whereby the leader of the state would rule the nation in an unjust manner. This type of rule is also known as despotism. According to the Swiss diplomat, Rousseau, the worst form of the modern society is the one in which the wealth of a person becomes the only way to measure the value of the person. Property, according to Rousseau, is a tool that helps in the construction of the society. He argues that the right to property is an intrinsic and sacred right of the members of the society. Rousseau opines that the breaching of this right cannot be justified in any ways except for the taxation on the property. Property affects the preservation of life. It is thus, considered to be more important than the right to liberty itself. Rousseau points out the ways in which the people from a lower financial background are exploited by the people who belong to the higher financial backgrounds. This leads to the rise of the practice of injustice in the society. Rousseau is observed to support the republic form of government. He believed that the higher the population of a state the higher the chances of electing a better representative for the common masses. He finds that the republics that consist of a larger population have lower chances of being affected by the whims and fancies of the majority factions of the state. The larger expanse of the republic lowers the chances of the state facing problems with the majority rule in the territory. Burke, unlike Madison, was a believer in the status of the resident members of the state. He believes in the theory of conservatism whereas Rousseau and Madison were stern followers of the concept of inequality among the rich and the poor sections of the society. Burke was a stern believer in the concept of conservatism unlike Rousseau who was a liberalist. Burke opined that the residents of the society should be allowed the right to freedom but they must be educated on the ways to handle the concepts of freedom (Burke 1987). He further argued that the excess of the liberty granted to the members of the society might be the reason of the problems that arise. Burke was a practical thinker who opined that the basic nature of all human being is selfishness. He put forward the argument that the changes should be brought about at a slower pace in the society. According to Burke, the French Revolution gave the rights to the people to elect their own representatives and form the governmenta l bodies according to their own likes and dislikes. According to Burke, the revolution that took place in the year 1688 was termed to be a deviation from the lawful chronology of succession. In conclusion, to the above discussion it may be said that both Rousseau and Burke disagreed with the arguments of Madison that have been discussed in the Federalist #10 regarding the causes and cure of political faction. Madison viewed the concept of property as a right to the members who are residing in the society. On the contrary, Rousseau viewed the ownership of the property to be a tool that can be used to for the construction of a society. They both agreed on the fact that the poor section of the society was exploited by the rich members of the society. Thus, the need for the formation of a republic was necessary in order to prevent the breakdown of the society. References Burke, Edmund. "Reflections on the Revolution in France and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to That Event in a Letter to a Gentleman in Paris, 1790, ed. JGA Pocock."JGA Pocock (Cambridge: Hackett, 1987)62 (1987). Madison, James. "The federalist no. 10."November22, no. 1787 (1787): 1787-88. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques.The basic political writings. Hackett Publishing, 2010.

The Oedipus complex Essay Example

The Oedipus complex Paper Psychoanalytical criticism, developed by Freud, is a way to interpret authors, and other artists work, making connections between the authors themselves and what they actually create. The Oedipus complex is a psychoanalytical theory where a child has the unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex. The desire includes jealousy towards the parent of the same sex and the unconscious wish for that parents death. It usually occurs between the ages of three to five and is a normal developmental process of human psychological growth. The stage is usually ended when the child identifies with the parent of the same sex and represses its sexual instincts. Freud believed that all people experienced the Oedipus complex but many researchers in psychoanalysis believe it develops as a result of a persons environment and does not occur in everyone. Freud believed the complex could stay in the unconscious mind and affect the person in adult life.? Within Hamlet the Oedipus complex can be applied to Hamlets character. Hamlet still isnt over his fathers death, and the appearance of the ghost of his father at the start of the play fuels his anger to take revenge, but he delays killing Claudius throughout the play. This is because unconsciously he admires Claudius, because he has fulfilled Hamlets own unconscious wishes of killing his father and marrying his mother, a father killd, a mother staind, which is exactly the position Hamlet would like to be in. The Oedipus complex can appear to be reflected in Hamlets behaviour in Act III Scene IV. We will write a custom essay sample on The Oedipus complex specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Oedipus complex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Oedipus complex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From the start of the scene Hamlet is talking to his mother with anger and resentment. He is disgusted with her for marrying her dead brothers wife; You are the Queen, your husbands brothers wife (III, IV, 14). This is because unconsciously he feels he should be in Claudius position, of being King of Denmark, and being married to Gertrude. Things start getting very heated between Hamlet and Gertrude and he shows his disapproval of their relationship; In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, Stewd in corruption, honeying and making love Over the nasty sty! (III, IV, 92-94). At this point Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father appear before him to remind him of what his purpose is, which distracts him and interrupts their heated conversation. The ghost appearing at this particular moment could be seen as Hamlets unconscious creating the image of his father to stop something happening with his mother. Hamlet then warns his mother But go not to mine Uncles bed (III, IV, 161) because he doesnt want her sleeping with Claudius, or being close to him because he wants her for himself. Act III Scene iv is a crucial part of the play for a director when deciding whether to interpret the play with the Oedipus complex in mind or not, because there is so much dialogue interaction between Hamlet and his mother, more so than other scenes in the play and because it is easy to identify the Oedipus complex in this scene. Looking at this scene especially, in different film versions different directors have interpreted it in different ways. In Zefirellis 1990 film version, Act III Scene IV has been performed with strong reference to the Oedipus complex in mind.? Oliviers 1948 production is performed with only a slight reference to the Oedipus complex in the way the characters interact with each other.? In Brannaghs 1996 film version, there is no direct reference to the Oedipus complex in Act III Scene IV at all.? Freuds theory can be applied to the text as a whole as well as just Act III Scene IV. In Act I Scene ii this is the closest Hamlet gets to confronting Claudius about the marriage to his mother. He talks to himself about it straight after Claudius and the rest of the court have left She married -O most wicked speed! (I, II, 156) but it is still directed at Gertrude not Claudius because unconsciously he cant blame him. And throughout the whole play he never says anything about, or to Claudius, being incestuous for marrying his brothers wife. After Hamlet sees the ghost of his father and is told by it to take revenge for his murder, Hamlet pretends to be mad, unconsciously, to delay killing Claudius. The Oedipal complex explains why Ha mlet delays killing him and is unable to take direct action, through out the whole play. Claudius has coincidentally fulfilled Hamlets unconscious fantasies. After the Mousetrap play is performed and Hamlet knows for sure that Claudius is guilty of his fathers murder, he still doesnt take action, but chats with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, O, the recorders. Let me see one. (III, II, 36). He doesnt realise he is doing this, and so wont think that Claudius will stop him from telling people and he does. He sends Hamlet to England. Before Hamlet pretends to be mad, he is deeply in love with Ophelia, I did love you once (III, I, 115). But when he is pretending to be mad he tells her bluntly that he no longer does, which hurts her so much that she kills herself! The desire for his mother is so much that he no longer cares about Ophelia. Surely if he realised what he was doing, he wouldnt have done it because he cares for her. But he doesnt realise and unknowingly plays a part in her death. When Hamlet finally does take action against Claudius in Act V Scene II (the final scene), it is only after Gertrude is dead that he is able to kill Claudius. This is because Claudius is no longer a projection of Hamlets unconscious mind so he now takes revenge for the murder of his father and his mother. When applying the Oedipus complex to Hamlets character, it can be a valid interpretation. The behaviour of Hamlet, and his actions through out the play, shows how the theory can be applied, as it is in film versions by Zeffirelli and Olivier. But there is actually little textual evidence to support the idea. The only way it can be applied is by looking at it as a deep Freudian interpretation. If taken at face value with out reading into it as much, it is difficult to see the theory applied in the text, although it can be seen if a director has chosen to interpret it this way. As Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, and it was being performed, in the seventeenth century, the Oedipus complex and Psychoanalysis would not have been applied, as it was only developed in the twentieth century by Freud. This means that at the time, it would not have been performed with the Oedipus complex in mind. In Elizabethan England It most likely would have been performed simply as a play to entertain the audience and would have been understood by them to be a revenge tragedy which were popular types of play at the time. Act III Scene IV is a major part of the play for a director when deciding whether to interpret the play with the Oedipus complex in mind or not. In Brannaghs film version, there is no evidence of the Oedipus complex being applied to the scene, or the play as a whole. With out applying the Oedipus complex, Act III Scene IV can be presented in different ways. From the start we know Hamlet is still not over his fathers death; Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek thy noble father in the dust. (I, II, 70-71). He has so much pent up anger and emotion from the death of his father and the hasty marriage between Gertrude and Claudius, he doesnt know what to do. Act III Scene IV can be presented as a point where Hamlet finally releases all his anger because Claudius has just shown his guilt from his reaction to the Mousetrap play. This leads to the confrontation with his mother, where he shows his dislike for their marriage, Mother, you have my father much offended (III, IV, 9), and where he warns her to stay away from Claudius But go not to my uncles bed (III, IV, 161). He is so angry he has no hesitation in killing the person behind the arras, especially as he thinks its the king. The play can be presented at face value, simply as a story of revenge as it would have done at the time it was written. I think the Oedipus complex is a valid interpretation of the text when psychoanalysed and can be performed well with the theory in mind, but it is a twentieth century interpretation. In the seventeenth century when it was performed, it would have been written to be performed as entertainment. The performers would of performed it to entertain the audience and the audience would of understood it as it was performed, not my looking into the text and looking for deeper meanings.

The Metamorphosis Essay Example

The Metamorphosis Essay Example The Metamorphosis Essay The Metamorphosis Essay Essay Topic: The Metamorphosis heir dreams, while doing this he have lost his self and control of his life. Gregor has been trying to fulfill his fathers wishes by paying Mr. Samoas debt, working and trying to meet the familys needs so Mr. Samsa would not have to work. Gregor cares for his sister to a great extent and she also expects him to work and fulfill her dreams. Grete has an easy life until Gregor worked and which indicates that Grete had used Gregor. Gregor also had an obligation to send Grete to conservatory, which was one of many social expectations of him.Gregors obligation to his mother was to obey her and she expected him to take care of everyone, and bring a paycheck home, which is why she was always telling him when to wake up what to do. Gregors unwavering devotion to his family signifies his character as a victim of Social expectations to family which he is compelled to finish. Gregor is a victim of his fathers social expectations. Gregor comes from a bourgeoisie family which is why Mr.Samsa expects Gregor to work while he stays home and spends rest of his day at home and read news paper (133), where it states Gregors father; and he would draw it out for hours on end by reading various newspapers. Since they lived in society where parents beat their children so they would behave properly, this is clearly shown(138), where Mr. Samsa ran after Gregor to beat him and when he finally succeeded in delivering a blow he slammed the door as if Gregor was a little boy and he should stay in his premises. Mr.Samsa also expected Gregor to pay his debt, because Gregor was his son(150), Furthermore, since the money that Gregor had brought home every month and never been fully spent Actually, he could apply it toward settling his fathers debt. Paying the debt is only one of the obligations to his father. Since Gregor was no longer able to work his father had to take up job at a bank, to keep his family running. Mr. Samsa was now hostile towards Gregor, because his expectations from Gregor were not fulfilledled, just like a little boy misbehaves and does not fulfill his fathers wishes.For this Gregor was punished (164), his bombarded him with apples, and one of them had been lodged into Gregors back. Kafkas irony is clearly seen here, that as long as Gregor worked and brought home a paycheck his father was happy and that he was a good boy, but as soon as Gregor turned into a bug he was a bad boy and did not bring his paycheck home his father decided to beat him and that way punish him, but this time there was no way for Gregor to redeem himself, and be a good boy again except take control of his life even if it means loosing his life.Mr. Samsa expected Gregor to be his good little boy and fulfill his expectations by giving him easy days for rest of his life, paying his debt, this Cleary indicates Gregor as a victim of his fathers expectations.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 132

Essay Example According to him, a government is not needed and should be regulated when a natural society is large enough as a moral virtue is unnecessary in governing man prone challenges. In comparison to my own ideas enlightenment living, Paine’s idea of government as unavoidable evil is out of place because; people need an authority and a point of reference. Governments and monarchies are rightly places because people need a leader in charge of decision-making, protect and preserve the community. The government represents its citizens in the entire nation and without it citizen would lack a single entity to stand for their feelings. The country’s security is risked without the government that represents the voice of its people. Paine argues that monarchy is not grounded in liberty but prejudice, while people’s constitution is the real freedom form. He challenges people to see the underlying problems of the monarch irrespective of its enduring tradition that is unquestionable, (Paine, Cronauer & Recorded Books, 2005). Paine firmly disagrees with the monarchy and hereditary succession principle and he quotes the bible in many occasions that the basis of monarchy is strongly in opposition of the truth of bible. He terms the Kings government as outright idolatry, an kind of administration that did not emanate from nature or divinity but originated from Heathens that resulted from disorderly gangs and cruelly forced themselves in power against people’s will. He refers to as England’s Monarchy founder as French bastard because he believes that William the Conqueror forced his way to boastful rule against his people’s will, (Paine & University of Virginia, 1993). According to pain the hereditary leaderships of leaders is not a moral virtue guarantee because moral virtue cannot be inherited and future generations will be led by enthroned gracious kings. Hereditary

Inventory Planning and Control Systems Research Paper

Inventory Planning and Control Systems - Research Paper Example Supported with an example of the sugar industry, the report further emphasizes on the disadvantages of inventory mismanagement. Listing the problems related to inventory control encountered by the management the report further identifies the solutions required to solve them. The report contains valuable information regarding efficiencies that exist in a firm due to proper inventory planning and control. It also emphasizes on the impact inventory planning and control has on the competitiveness of a firm and how the competitiveness results into increased profitability. The report summarizes the critical importance of inventory planning and control for a firm to survive in an industry and the fierce competition. An inventory can be defined as a list of goods which are either finished, in form of raw material, in process or just simply as stock in hand. Inventory is also usually referred to as the list which contains all the information regarding the operation management of an organizati on. In detail, an inventory includes the amount of raw material available and the amount required to be ordered, finished goods ready to be delivered to the customers, goods stocked in the warehouse and even the half finished goods that require space to be stored before they move on to the next phase of the production process. Besides exceptional cases such as of those firms in the services industries; inventories are considered to be a firm’s major revenue producer. Reasons for holding inventory Inventory is basically the most critical component of a production process and it exists in an organization just so that the firm is able to respond to requirements in relation with forecasted demand. The need for inventory can arise in situations where the product has uncertain demand and the producers are not particularly sure about the amount they should produce (Broyles, 2003, p.389). They therefore resort to inventory tactics such as producing in excess of the estimate forecaste d. In some industries there is even a percentage of uncertainty regarding the availability of raw material. For example the sugar industry is plagued with the uncertainty attached to sugar cane because floods may sometimes ruin the crop. Furthermore, lack of rain and lack of fertility of a land leads to low levels of sucrose extracted

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the character of Nick Carraway as his mouthpiece, his own little spy in the lives of the characters in the novel to relate back the events happening. Because of this, there are a number of things which we need to bear in mind about his narration such as to what degree it could be biased and how the first person descriptive effects the way that we portray Nick. First being introduced into the novel, Fitzgerald has Nick Carraway talk about some advice that his father had given him when he was younger, therefore enlightening us to the way that he was brought up and how it has affected the way he is now. He still remembers the words: â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had. † This reveals to us that Nick is not of lower class and is very well educated, which is further reinforced by the fact that he went to Yale, one of the most highly esteemed colleges in the country. Nick explains how doesn’t judge a person, which has therefore â€Å"opened up† people to him as they shared their troubles with him. However, we also get the impression that he is uninterested in the petty problems of people’s lives, as the comparison of â€Å"curious natures† to â€Å"veteran bores† is used, suggesting that while some of the people who confided in him intrigued him, others may have just left him sitting there offering mild condolences, a â€Å"victim† who’s subject to listen to their inconveniences when they were â€Å"unsought†: he didn’t look for people to come and talk to him, they came to him. Whether this proves that he is a trustworthy character is debatable; if he told everyone about the â€Å"secret griefs† that he was privy to then he wouldn’t be trusted and have people coming to speak to him, and yet he frequently deceived the people who sought after him, feigning â€Å"sleep, preoccupation or a hostile levity† when they tried to speak, which makes you wonder what else he could have done in the lines of deception, and whether or not it went further than just lying to avoid people. It would seem that he is very good at getting along with people in public and on the surface, whilst analysing them in private, to us, the readers. The reader learns soon on that Nick is from the Middle West, but moved further east to West Egg where he’s living now to learn the bond business. West Egg and East Egg are both enormously wealthy suburbs of New York City, located on Long Island where they face the ocean, but there is a clear differentiation between the two. East Egg is the home of the aristocratic people with inherited fortunes gathered over generations, roots running deep in American society. These people place great value on tradition, family background, manners and social convention, and look at people who weren’t born into their kind of wealth – â€Å"old money† – with contempt. Those who live in West Egg are also very wealthy but they lack the sense of entitlement that those in East Egg have, as they earned their money and weren’t born into it. They aren’t as ‘polished’ or ‘refined’ in their manners, and can therefore never fit in with those from the East Egg; they lack the background of a well established family. Nick himself is â€Å"descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch†, so therefore has a rather esteemed lineage in his own right, and yet he lives a rather modest life in the West Egg in a small house he describes as an â€Å"eyesore† next to the large mansion next door belonging to Gatsby; he isn’t drowning in wealth himself, but he is connected to people like his neighbour, Gatsby, and Tom and Daisy Buchanan. Because of this, he has an insight in to what happens in the lives of these people, and this is what Fitzgerald will have intended: Nick relates what goes on from the inside, acting as the eyes, ears and mouthpiece for Fitzgerald. Although the intention of using Nick as the narrator may have been for him to give a rather objective viewpoint of the story’s events, that wasn’t truly the way that it was portrayed. Yes, he’s an outsider compared to the rest of the characters, having only recently moved to the West Egg himself and therefore not knowing too much about the lifestyles that these people are living, other than the fact that they are rich. However, he has former opinions of the characters he meets in chapter one which may or may not have clouded the way in which he describes them. Daisy Buchanan is his second cousin once removed, and it is clear that he is taken by her: he describes her as â€Å"charming† with a â€Å"low, thrilling voice† that was difficult to forget, which is a rather biased opinion of her; of course, we are still shown some of her carelessness and snobbish ways, but they are mainly through her actions, little things between the lines that could be easily overlooked if one didn’t know what to look for. Tom Buchanan on the other hand is introduced differently; through Nick, Fitzgerald first describes how he is a wealthy, athletic figure, listing his achievements and purchases before describing the man himself: he is portrayed as an arrogant man, having a â€Å"supercilious manner† and â€Å"established dominance†, thinking he’s superior to everyone around him and especially the black race as he describes how thinks it’s up to themselves, â€Å"the dominant race† to make sure that they keep the control and not any other races. He is generally described much more negatively by the narration of Nick, and this influences the way in which we perceive Tom as the automatic ‘bad guy’ in Chapter One. This perception is only accentuated when the reader finds out that he is cheating on Daisy with a woman in New York, and that men at New Haven (the college that he and Nick both attended) â€Å"hated his guts. † It is clear that he is a powerful man as his physique is referred to numerously, like the â€Å"enormous power† of his body and the â€Å"great pack of muscles† he had. He filled his boots until he â€Å"strained at the top lacing†, which could be likened to the saying that someone is too big for their boots – Tom is, both in the literal sense and the way in which he thinks that he is more important and powerful than everyone else. Heck, Fitzgerald even describes how Nick seems to think he radiates the â€Å"I’m stronger and more of a man than you are† vibe! Considering the fact that Fitzgerald has Nick introduce himself as an honest man who is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgements†, we as readers don’t really get this impression from him in the first chapter. Not only does he already have – possibly subconscious – opinions of the Buchanans, he also has â€Å"unaffected scorn† for his neighbour Jay Gatsby, and all that he represents. However, he also says that there is â€Å"something gorgeous† about him, highlighting the fact that not only is he contradicting his previous statement when he said that he reserves judgements, but he’s contradicting his own opinion of the same man in only the next sentence! Because of all these things combined, it is uncertain to what degree the narration of Nick Carraway is actually reliable, as his own opinions can get in the way and make the narration biased. Overall, I think that Nick is portrayed as a fairly honest man in this first chapter of the novel, The Great Gatsby, but because of a few underlying things that could be picked up on, that may not be the full extent of his character. His opinion of things, even in the first chapter, contradicts itself; this not only puts into question which opinion we should agree with, but also makes us doubt his reliability as a narrator, which then in turn makes us wonder to what extent the story is accurate and in how much of it has had the illusion of the lifestyle the characters are living take over the actual reality.

Reconstruction or Deconstruction Essay -- American America History

Reconstruction or Deconstruction Following The War for Southern Independence the radical Republicans of the North took unjust measures over the conquered and impoverished social structure, economy and governments of the defeated southern states. In fact, the whole idea of "reconstruction" was in fact "deconstruction". Reconstruction was not to "heal the nation's wounds," or to economically revitalize the South (which it did not). Indeed, Reconstruction was economically destructive to the South. The purpose was to continue the economic plundering of the Southern states for as long as possible, and to establish a national Republican party political monopoly. Congress Passes the Reconstruction Act On March 2, 1867, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act and thus abolished local civil government in the southern states. It divided the southern states into five military districts-each commanded by a battalion of Federal troops to insure that southern whites were held in total subjugation to every radical Republican policy of the northern politicians. During this reconstruction period many Northerners came southward to take unfair advantage of a destroyed economic and governmental structure in order to gain political and or financial advantage. These greedy opportunists were self-seeking in their quest to exploit the South. With no regard what so ever to the quiet, peaceful Southerners the Northerners attempted to implement their beliefs and ways of life upon the grieving Southerners. Carpetbaggers "Carpetbaggers were supposedly sleazy Northerners who had packed all their weordly goods into a carpetbag suitcase at the war's end and had come South to seek personal power and profit (2)." Although these carpetbagger... ...es offered no financial assistance to the Confederate veteran, while at the same time passing laws "legalizing" their misappropriation of public finds for their own selfish gain. Aftermath Following the war, what lasted from 1865 to 1866 was the greatest trial that the South had to bear, not excepting the terrible ordeal of war. No people had to undergo so dark a period with such complications. The cost to the South was great, but her citizens didn't lose hope, yet began to work with a will to revoke all improper and corrupt legislation, to restore economy in public expenditures, to reduce taxation, to do away with useless offices, to make schools efficient, and to build up waste places. History will certainly condemn the legislation that entailed such misery, such corruption, and such extravagant expansion of the money of an impoverished and crushed people. Reconstruction or Deconstruction Essay -- American America History Reconstruction or Deconstruction Following The War for Southern Independence the radical Republicans of the North took unjust measures over the conquered and impoverished social structure, economy and governments of the defeated southern states. In fact, the whole idea of "reconstruction" was in fact "deconstruction". Reconstruction was not to "heal the nation's wounds," or to economically revitalize the South (which it did not). Indeed, Reconstruction was economically destructive to the South. The purpose was to continue the economic plundering of the Southern states for as long as possible, and to establish a national Republican party political monopoly. Congress Passes the Reconstruction Act On March 2, 1867, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act and thus abolished local civil government in the southern states. It divided the southern states into five military districts-each commanded by a battalion of Federal troops to insure that southern whites were held in total subjugation to every radical Republican policy of the northern politicians. During this reconstruction period many Northerners came southward to take unfair advantage of a destroyed economic and governmental structure in order to gain political and or financial advantage. These greedy opportunists were self-seeking in their quest to exploit the South. With no regard what so ever to the quiet, peaceful Southerners the Northerners attempted to implement their beliefs and ways of life upon the grieving Southerners. Carpetbaggers "Carpetbaggers were supposedly sleazy Northerners who had packed all their weordly goods into a carpetbag suitcase at the war's end and had come South to seek personal power and profit (2)." Although these carpetbagger... ...es offered no financial assistance to the Confederate veteran, while at the same time passing laws "legalizing" their misappropriation of public finds for their own selfish gain. Aftermath Following the war, what lasted from 1865 to 1866 was the greatest trial that the South had to bear, not excepting the terrible ordeal of war. No people had to undergo so dark a period with such complications. The cost to the South was great, but her citizens didn't lose hope, yet began to work with a will to revoke all improper and corrupt legislation, to restore economy in public expenditures, to reduce taxation, to do away with useless offices, to make schools efficient, and to build up waste places. History will certainly condemn the legislation that entailed such misery, such corruption, and such extravagant expansion of the money of an impoverished and crushed people.

Rampart Scandal

Abstract This paper looks at the history of the Los Angeles Police Department as it relates to police culture and several major incidents leading up to the Rampart Scandal. The police culture of a young LAPD ultimately seemed to linger and affect the LAPD of today. The lack of supervision and positive community interaction seemed to solidify the primitive police culture. The History of Police Culture Leading to the Rampart Scandal The Los Angeles Police Department is one of the biggest and most innovative police departments in the world that has been in existence since 1853.The LAPD encompasses nearly 468 square miles in over 19 divisions and employing nearly 10,000 sworn police officers to police a population of roughly 4 million people (Los Angeles Police Department, 2012). When many people think of police, they often have visions of old television re-runs of Adam 12 or Dragnet, both of which were police shows with officers and detectives from the Los Angeles Police Department. The television programs depicted officers and detectives conducting their investigations, where the officers maintained absolute professionalism when making arrests or dealing with the public.These television programs never told the true story of crime and life out on the street or the real people that police it every day. The Los Angeles Police Department has had a very colorful history as it has led to modern times. The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943, the Watts Riots of 1965, the Rodney King Riots of 1992 and the Rampart Scandal all have had an impact on the LAPD and law enforcement in general, as well as how the public perceives police and their mission.In 1926, when Chief James Davis ran the LAPD, he gave a directive to his officers to rid the city of the â€Å"gun toting element and rum smugglers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and if his officers showed mercy to these people that he would reprimand them for that behavior (The LAPD:1926-1950, 2012). The mentality of Chief James Davis is where the LAPD e ssentially started, in a time when there was no true equality of citizens. The police officers were threatened with the possibility of losing their jobs if they showed mercy to people that they dealt with on the streets.With that type of attitude, the police and citizens did not have any type of a working relationship to solve problems or create an atmosphere of trust with the general public; only fear. There have been many Police Chiefs since that time and many have attempted to change the atmosphere in which the officers operate and treat each other and the citizens. Chief Willliam Parker ran the LAPD from 1950 until his death in 1966. Chief Parker was able to desegregate the LAPD and he allowed minority officers to work areas where they traditionally weren’t allowed to work before due to their minority status.Chief Parker also created a â€Å"professional† model of policing so as to cope with the rising population with a small amount of police officers (Martin, 2009 ). Despite the fact that change in how the LAPD dealt with the population was coming, the underlying attitude amongst most officers was that they were the law and they could do most anything that they felt needed to be done. To feed to this totalitarian attitude, the LAPD has had to deal with many civil unrest situations like the Watts Riots of 1965.The Watts Riots stemmed from an arrest of an African American subject named Marquette Frye that took place in the Watts neighborhood on Los Angeles. An altercation started possibly out of frustration with the lack of employment, housing and quality schools in the Watts area and turned into six days of riotous behavior in that poverty stricken area of Los Angeles. The LAPD as well as members of the National Guard were deployed to quell the violence on the streets (Unknown, 2012).The riot cost the lives of thirty-four people and created an even bigger rift with the LAPD and the community in which it serves. The police culture that had been passed on to generations of LAPD officers was one that was truly inconsistent with what law enforcement should be about. This came from an era where racial segregation was common in various parts of the country but civil rights began to become a hot topic in the world. The way in which officers of the LAPD dealt with people while interacting and doing their jobs was such an ineffective way of enforcing the laws as they were meant to be enforced.Many times the personal rights of individuals guaranteed under the United States Constitution were trampled on just because the attitudes of those in charge of both the police and the courts were primitive. Chief Daryl Gates took the helm of the LAPD in 1976 and he was creative in his ideas on how to modernize the LAPD. Chief Gates was there during the 80’s when gang-related violence was at an all-time high and something had to be done to effectively combat the problem. Community Policing philosophy was not a new idea at this point, b ut it had not been effectively implemented to cause any change. Chief Gates had the LAPD begin is form of â€Å"proactive† or iron fist policing tactics by implementing Operation Hammer in the streets in 1987. Operation Hammer was a police officer overload by the C. R. A. S. H. officers (Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums) in a certain area that has been experiencing numerous acts of gang-violence and officers enforce laws with ferocity using a zero-tolerance attitude with everybody in the neighborhood. This type of policing countered with other community policing programs that were in place to ensure that residents of these impoverished neighborhoods were being provided resources to help their situations (Sahagan, 1990).Operation Hammer was not just a way for the LAPD to take violent criminals off the streets, but some have said that it was LAPD’s way of sending a message to the violent offenders to stop the violence. Officers during these various â€Å"oper ations† were not only searching and seizing items of evidence, but destroying property and disrespecting family of the gang members they sought to arrest. These tactics were not effective and did nothing to combat the crime but seemed to enrage the citizens of those neighborhoods to cause further community relations problems for the LAPD.The distrust with the public and the LAPD continued to get worse until March 1991, when officers from the LAPD began chasing a speeding vehicle in their jurisdiction from the freeway. Rodney King was the driver of that speeding vehicle and he led officers on a chase that ultimately ended in a neighborhood area, where residents were woken up and videotaped recorders began recording. The videotape showed Rodney King being beaten numerous times with police batons at the hands of officers of the LAPD. The result was that the videotaped beating was given to the news media, which aired the footage to the world.The public outcry wanted the officers c harged for using excessive force upon Rodney King, which resulted in four officers being charged for using excessive force and ultimately acquitted of all charges. The response to the verdicts sparked complete civil unrest in the South Central area of Los Angeles, where the original beating took place. Initial rioters became enraged at the fact that an incident that was videotaped for the world to see could not convict police officers of excessive force. The riots lasted a total of six days and damage was estimated at one billion dollars.At this point, there was no relationship with the LAPD and the impoverished areas of Los Angeles and crime seemed to run rampant. The attitude of the LAPD had not evolved with the world’s views on civil rights and it had been proven based on the various riots and scandals of this era of the LAPD. I feel that in some ways, attempts had been made at this point to try and connect with the community but the weak attempts failed. LAPD continued to use their iron fist approach to handling problems, which history has showed that it was not effective enough to cause change.This attitude caused the LAPD to stand still while the world around was continuing to evolve and grow, which ultimately caused many issues for the LAPD and the city of Los Angeles. During the LA Riots, a young officer named Rafael Perez had been learning the skills of the job to move to the most sought after specialty positions such as narcotics and C. R. A. S. H. positions. When Rafael Perez, a native of Puerto Rico, was a child growing up he had ironically envisioned himself as being a Los Angeles Police Officer like the ones that he watched on the television program â€Å"Adam-12†.Rafael Perez ended up landing a police officer job with the LAPD in 1989, a time when tension amongst police officers and the communities it served was at a boiling point (Cannon, 2000). Many officers, ultimately found to be involved in some type of scandal or wrongdoing w ithin the LAPD had been hired within the same time period and had grown up with the LAPD police culture. Rafael Perez and many other officers involved in the Rampart Scandal, including Kevin Gaines, David Mack, and Nino Durden were hired in a time period between 1988 and 1990.Some critics say that these officers and many other officers that have partaken in misconduct of a criminal nature were hired at a time when there were federal rules of affirmative action hiring practices. These federal rules forced agencies, such as the LAPD to hire minority candidates and lower standards based on race and sex. When hiring standards for candidates of any job, much less a law enforcement job are lowered then the candidates are less desireable, regardless of race or sex. A statistical analysis of data from the U. S.Department of Justice from economist John Lott found that â€Å"aggressive† affirmative action hiring practices requiring a quota for hiring minority officers increased crime r ates. The report reads â€Å"When affirmative action rules take over†¦ the result is a reduced quality of officers† (Golab, 2005) With the federal regulations requiring affirmative action hiring practices, police departments, including the LAPD got away from the traditional hiring practices. Normally police officers are chosen as good candidates when they are hired on value-based hiring practices.The practices are to look thoroughly into the candidate’s background, mental background and learn about the candidate and his/her morals and values. When affirmative action regulations take over, value-based hiring practices are not used due to the fact that a minority quota is put in place instead of hiring the best quality candidate regardless of race or sex. In the case of the LAPD, this type of hiring practice allowed people like Rafael Perez, David Mack and the rest to take the law into their own hands and victimize citizens of Los Angeles.Once the officers in the Ra mpart Scandal were hired onto the LAPD, they learned how to do their jobs and in some instances came off as model police officers. Many of these officers received awards and commendations for the work that they had done while employed with the LAPD. Although I don’t know the entire career of these officers, it seems likely that their careers started with very minor â€Å"perks† being given to them as a result of their position of authority. Officers on this slippery-slope model of police corruption are brought into grafting subcultures that are already involved in this sort of corrupt and illegal activity.Once the newer officers of the group begin their path on the slippery-slope of corruption, it is often difficult for them to ever come back. This is due to them being a part of previous corruption, where other members of the grafting subculture group were witness to, and there is now fear amongst the members of the corruption being discovered. In the case of the LAPD, it appeared that the officers found to be involved in the corruption, had been involved for quite some time.The investigation into the Rampart Scandal began with the investigation into a shooting death of an off-duty LAPD officer by an on-duty LAPD narcotics detective. When investigators began looking into this case, they found that the off-duty officer that was killed, named Kevin Gaines had been involved with Death Row Records. Death Row Records was owned and run by a Piru-Blood gang member named Suge Knight. Kevin Gaines was also alleged to be involved with the Piru-Blood gang. As investigators looked deeper they found several LAPD officers working for Death Row Records and being involved in the Piru-Blood gang.A incident occurred on November 6, 1997 when the Bank of America branch in South Central Los Angeles was robbed at gun point. Two men entered the bank and demanded money from the customer service manager and she gave them approximately $722,000. When robbery detectives be gan investigating the crime, they were able to question the customer service manager extensively and she revealed that the bank robbery was an â€Å"inside job†, with the main suspect being her boyfriend and LAPD officer David Mack.Two days after the bank robbery, David Mack and Rafael Perez had gone to Las Vegas to celebrate. Investigators were learning that Rafael Perez had a relationship with each of these other officers and Rafael Perez was even thought to have been the second suspect in the bank robbery. When questioned about the bank robbery and his relationship with David Mack, Rafael Perez denied any involvement with the robbery but said that David Mack had saved his life when they worked in a narcotics unit together (Cannon, 2000).While investigators were looking for clues in the Kevin Gaines shooting and the Mack bank robbery, the LAPD began investigating the theft of six pounds of cocaine from the evidence storage by one of their officers. The officer was Rafael Pe rez and he had already been suspected of being associated with Kevin Gaines and David Mack. Rafael Perez also had a connection to Death Row Records and had gang ties to the Piru-Blood gang. Rafael was a member of the C. R. A. S. H. anti-gang unit at the time, which was a unit that had quickly gained a reputation for playing hardball with gang members but also for being corrupt.Investigators would soon learn that many other officers in the Rampart Division were a part of the noble cause corruption that seemed to run rampant in that division. David Mack was convicted of federal bank robbery charges and was sentenced to fourteen years in prison, even though the money was never recovered and the other suspect has never been identified. Rafael Perez was able to negotiate a sentence of five years in prison in exchange for Rafael Perez’s cooperation in identifying additional corruption of other officers within the Rampart Division of the LAPD (Cannon, 2000).The LAPD administration a nd the LA District Attorney’s Office felt that too many incidents of corruption were coming out of the Rampart Division and this was a fair way to make sure that they cleaned up the division and go after the corrupt officers. Rafael Perez talked with investigators about the socialization to C. R. A. S. H. and how officers new to the unit are treated and tested to see if they are trustworthy enough to be part of the corruption that was taking place. He also stated that the supervisors knew about the corruption and even encouraged officers to do whatever it took to make arrests and bring in uns, drugs and money from the streets (Caldero & Crank, 2004). Some citizens of the area seemed to think that what C. R. A. S. H. unit officers were doing to rid the streets of thugs and gang members was worth it to keep them safe. Others had differing feelings regarding the way officers acted, as many innocent people not affiliated with any gangs were caught up in the fray. Rafael Perez det ailed to investigators about the patterns of corruption that were used by C. R. A. S. H. unit officers. This included using the INS to deport gang members or people that associated with gang members.Often times â€Å"sweeps† were conducted and INS agents were used during these â€Å"sweeps† to get gang members off the streets. Using the INS for this purpose was strictly forbidden by the LAPD policies but seemed to be a common practice for members of the C. R. A. S. H. unit as a tactic. Other tactics that officers were using would be to plant guns and drugs on subjects, use violence against suspects, and to lie under oath during court proceedings all to ensure that gang members were prosecuted (Caldero & Crank, 2004).During investigators debriefs with Rafael Perez, he blamed the LAPD and the aggressive police culture that it has bred as the reason that he became a corrupt officer. The C. R. A. S. H. unit motto, which was printed over the office door read â€Å"We intim idate those who intimidate others. † Rafael Perez said that he developed that US vs. THEM attitude that many police officers develop over time of working with and around hardened criminals. He blamed the supervisors and management of the LAPD for expecting high numbers of arrests and seizures as a catalyst for the accepted corrupt police culture amongst the C.R. A. S. H. officers (Cannon, 2000). Rafael Perez told investigators about a time when he and fellow C. R. A. S. H. unit officer Nino Durden shot an unarmed gang member, Javier Ovando. The shooting resulted out of a second contact with Ovando for trespassing, but the clear motive for the shooting is still not known. Durden and Perez planted a gun on Ovando after the shooting and Ovando was later charged and convicted for assault on a police officer with a firearm.Investigators knew that Rafael Perez had lied about many of the details of the shooting of Ovando, and this called into question the other corruption cases that Rafael Perez had been telling investigators about (Cannon, 2000). The corruption cases that have been learned from the Rampart Division Scandal prompted the US Department of Justice to mandate LAPD to enter into a consent decree. The Assistant Attorney General accused the LAPD of â€Å"engaging in a pattern or practice of excessive force, false arrests, and unreasonable searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. (unknown, 2012) The consent decree was used as a tool to reform the police culture of the LAPD and to hold the LAPD accountable for violations of policy and procedure as well as criminal laws by officers of the LAPD. I feel that the history of the LAPD is the history of what we call modern day policing. LAPD has been so inventive and they have led the way in innovation in some regards. The attitudes of past leaders of the LAPD caused a police culture that was that of rough and tumble and not willing to â€Å"take shitâ⠂¬  from anybody.This type of attitude was prevalent for many years and spread to most police agencies, becoming the way to do police work. LAPD did not change with the times and continued with the attitude that they were above the law ultimately causing corruption to run rampant throughout the ranks. Understanding the history of the LAPD and the police culture that it has promoted, the consent decree was a necessary thing that has been used to reel in the aggressive tactics of officers that seemingly went unsupervised.The federal consent decree caused the LAPD to revisit the policies and procedures that were supposed to have been used by officers and supervisors alike. All personnel received additional training to hold each individual accountable to what they were responsible for. The future of the LAPD is one that many outsiders will look on with baited breath to see if the consent decree helped with changing aggressive police culture and problems associated with it. Only time wi ll tell to see if they (LAPD) learned their lesson and realize that they are there to uphold the laws and protect lives and property. ReferencesLos Angeles Police Department. (2012). Retrieved from lapdonline. org The LAPD:1926-1950. (2012). Retrieved from The Official Site of the Los Angeles Police Department: lapdonline. org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1109 Caldero, M. , & Crank, J. P. (2004). Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause,Second Edition. Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Cannon, L. (2000, October 1). One Bad Cop. Retrieved from The New York Times Magazine: http://www. truthinjustice. org/20001001mag-lapd. html Golab, J. (2005, June). How Racial P. C. Corrupted the LAPD (and Possibly Your Local Force as Well). The American Enterprise, 16(4).Retrieved from http://www. questia. com/library/1G1-132678217/how-racial-p-c-corrupted-the-lapd-and-possibly-your Martin, G. B. (2009, January 28). LAPD Chief Parker:a product of his time. Retrieved from LA Times: www. la times. com/news/opinion Sahagan, L. (1990, December 25). Parents called Vital to ‘Operation Hammer'. Retrieved from LA Times: http://articles. latimes. com/1990-12-25/local/me-7125_1_operation-hammer unknown. (2012). The Aftermath. 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